ROFFS: Daily updated Oceanographic Images of Gulf Loop Current & Spill
ROFFER’S OCEAN FISHING FORECASTING SERVICE, INC.
http://www.roffs.com/deepwaterhorizon.html
This site offers a daily update on the location of the Gulf blowout/spill and provides excellent daily in-depth analysis.
WWW.ROFFS.COM
– (321) 723-5759 // EMAIL: FISH7@ROFFS.COM
– (321) 723-5759 // EMAIL: FISH7@ROFFS.COM
– (321) 723-5759 // EMAIL: FISH7@ROFFS.COM
Greenlight: Mapping the Slick: Oil in Loop Current Threatens Florida Keys and Delicate Coral Reefs
http://www.onearth.org/node/2142
by Osha Gray Davidson May 20, 2010
Photo credit: The Institute for Marine Remote Sensing (IMaRS at USF).
WHERE’S THE OIL NOW? A month after the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform explosion, a heavy blanket of crude oil has hit the Louisiana wetlands, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration confirms that a small portion of the slick has reached the Loop Current that slings water around Florida and into the Atlantic, further increasing the possibility that the disaster won’t be confined to the Gulf of Mexico.
WHERE’S IT GOING? Dr. Hu Chuanmin, executive director of the Institute for Marine Remote Sensing (IMaRS) at the University of South Florida, is convinced that the Florida Keys are now in danger. Hu is an expert in optical oceanography — using light from remote imaging sources (such as satellites) to understand what is going on in the ocean. “It may be one week, or two or even more, but there is no doubt that (oil) will reach the Florida Keys,” Hu said in an interview.
In the image above, generated from satellite data on Tuesday, it’s easy to track the Gulf Loop Current as it flows into the Florida Straits, the body of water between Florida and Cuba. Water in the current flows at speeds approaching 100 miles a day, and it produces eddies that spin off and move in a counter-clockwise motion. “By tracking flood waters from the Mississippi River, we know that whatever flows from there comes through the Florida Straits and will impact the Keys,” Hu says.
Hu wrote a journal article about this pattern, tracking flood waters as they flowed from the Mississippi delta in July 2004. By August 4, 2004, a dark plume 6 to 15 miles wide was clearly visible (image right) flowing through the Florida Straits and over portions of the barrier reef tract.
WHAT’S AT RISK? If oil reaches the Florida Keys, it could cause major damage to the only coral reefs off the coast of the continental United States. Reefs are a vital part of the marine ecosystem, providing shelter, food and breeding sites for many plants and animals and providing natural storm protection for the coast. The reefs are also important to southeast Florida’s economy, according to the state’s Department of Environmental Protection, bringing in millions of dollars annually from recreational and commercial fishing.
Even before hitting the Keys, the millions of gallons of oil that have already leaked from the seafloor will have a profound effect on life in the Gulf of Mexico for “years, potentially decades,” said Rowan Gould, the acting director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at a press conference on Tuesday.
The potential threat to Bluefin tuna is a particularly stark example of the dangers to marine life. Bluefin populations are already devastated by overfishing, and the oil currently spilling into the Gulf poses a direct threat to the tuna larvae currently hatching in their spawning grounds, which are near the oil’s source.
If oil enters the Florida Straits, no one knows for sure how much damage it will do in the Keys or on Cuba’s northern coastline, which is also likely to be hit. The longer that the oil floats, the more likely it is that volatile substances in it will evaporate — a positive side effect of getting caught in the eddies. Of course, that merely puts the compounds into the air, where they can also do damage.
If the oil flows over the coral reef, the damage will depend in large part on whether it stays at the surface. “Under no circumstances should dispersants be used on an oil slick in the vicinity of a coral reef,” says Eugene Shinn, who recently retired from the U.S. Geologic Service, where he specialized in reef ecology. Dispersants would cause oil droplets to sink, he says, which could prove fatal to the tiny coral polyps.
Special thanks to Osha Davidson
Seattle Times: Graham, Reilly to head panel on spill
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2011924624_apusoilspillcommission.html
May 21, 2010
The White House plans to name former Florida Sen. Bob Graham and former EPA administrator William K. Reilly to lead a presidential commission investigating the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
By ERICA WERNER and KEN THOMAS
Associated Press Writers
WASHINGTON –
The White House plans to name former Florida Sen. Bob Graham and former EPA administrator William K. Reilly to lead a presidential commission investigating the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
The appointments were confirmed by two people familiar with the decisions speaking on condition of anonymity ahead of a formal announcement.
Graham is a Democrat and Reilly served in a Republican administration, a bipartisan model that follows presidential panels that investigated the 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster and the nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island in 1979.
Graham served in the Senate from 1987 to 2005 and previously served two terms as Florida governor. Reilly served as EPA administrator under President George H.W. Bush.
The commission’s inquiry will range from the causes of the spill to the safety of offshore oil drilling and the functioning of the Minerals Management Service, the government agency that grants drilling rights.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.
WASHINGTON (AP) – The White House plans to name former Florida Sen. Bob Graham to co-chair a presidential commission to investigate the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
A person familiar with the decision said Graham would help lead the commission, which will be similar to panels that investigated the 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster and the nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island in 1979. The person spoke on condition of anonymity ahead of a public announcement.
Graham served in the Senate from 1987 to 2005 and previously served two terms as Florida governor.
The commission’s inquiry will range from the causes of the spill to the safety of offshore oil drilling and the functioning of the Minerals Management Service, the government agency that grants drilling rights.
CBS: Factoring in the Real Cost of Oil….plus poll on drilling–vote now!
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/05/19/opinion/main6497841.shtml
click on the link to participate in the poll
CBS May 19, 2010
Michael T. Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College. His most recent book is Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New Geopolitics of Energy. This piece originally appeared on TomDispatch.
Yes, the oil spewing up from the floor of the Gulf of Mexico in staggering quantities could prove one of the great ecological disasters of human history. Think of it, though, as just the prelude to the Age of Tough Oil, a time of ever increasing reliance on problematic, hard-to-reach energy sources.
Make no mistake: we’re entering the danger zone. And brace yourself, the fate of the planet could be at stake.
It may never be possible to pin down the precise cause of the massive explosion that destroyed the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on April 20th, killing 11 of its 126 workers. Possible culprits include a faulty cement plug in the undersea oil bore and a disabled cutoff device known as a blow-out preventer. Inadequate governmental oversight of safety procedures undoubtedly also contributed to the disaster, which may have been set off by a combination of defective equipment and human error.
But whether or not the immediate trigger of the explosion is ever fully determined, there can be no mistaking the underlying cause: a government-backed corporate drive to exploit oil and natural gas reserves in extreme environments under increasingly hazardous operating conditions.
The New Oil Rush and Its Dangers
The United States entered the hydrocarbon era with one of the world’s largest pools of oil and natural gas. The exploitation of these valuable and versatile commodities has long contributed to the nation’s wealth and power, as well as to the profitability of giant energy firms like BP and Exxon.
In the process, however, most of our easily accessible onshore oil and gas reservoirs have been depleted, leaving only less accessible reserves in offshore areas, Alaska, and the melting Arctic. To ensure a continued supply of hydrocarbons — and the continued prosperity of the giant energy companies — successive administrations have promoted the exploitation of these extreme energy options with a striking disregard for the resulting dangers. By their very nature, such efforts involve an ever increasing risk of human and environmental catastrophe — something that has been far too little acknowledged.
The hunt for oil and gas has always entailed a certain amount of risk. After all, most energy reserves are trapped deep below the Earth’s surface by overlying rock formations. When punctured by oil drills, these are likely to erupt in an explosive release of hydrocarbons, the well-known “gusher” effect. In the swashbuckling early days of the oil industry, this phenomenon — familiar to us from movies like There Will Be Blood — often caused human and environmental injury. Over the years, however, the oil companies became far more adept at anticipating such events and preventing harm to workers or the surrounding countryside.
Now, in the rush to develop hard-to-reach reserves in Alaska, the Arctic, and deep-offshore waters, we’re returning to a particularly dangerous version of those swashbuckling days. As energy companies encounter fresh and unexpected hazards, their existing technologies — largely developed in more benign environments — often prove incapable of responding adequately to the new challenges. And when disasters occur, as is increasingly likely, the resulting environmental damage is sure to prove exponentially more devastating than anything experienced in the industrial annals of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The Deepwater Horizon operation was characteristic of this trend. BP, the company which leased the rig and was overseeing the drilling effort, has for some years been in a rush to extract oil from ever greater depths in the Gulf of Mexico. The well in question, known as Mississippi Canyon 252, was located in 5,000 feet of water, some 50 miles south of the Louisiana coastline; the well bore itself extended another 13,000 feet into the earth. At depths this great, all work on the ocean floor has to be performed by remotely-controlled robotic devices overseen by technicians on the rig. There was little margin for error to begin with, and no tolerance for the corner-cutting, penny-pinching, and lax oversight that appears to have characterized the Deepwater Horizon operation. Once predictable problems did arise, it was, of course, impossible to send human troubleshooters one mile beneath the ocean’s surface to assess the situation and devise a solution.
Drilling in Alaska and the Arctic poses, if anything, even more perilous challenges, given the extreme environmental and climatic conditions to be dealt with. Any drilling rigs deployed offshore in, say, Alaska’s Beaufort or Chukchi Seas must be hardened to withstand collisions with floating sea ice, a perennial danger, and capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and powerful storms. In addition, in such hard-to-reach locations, BP-style oil spills, whether at sea or on land, will be even more difficult to deal with than in the Gulf. In any such situation, an uncontrolled oil flow is likely to prove lethal to many species, endangered or otherwise, which have little tolerance for environmental hazards.
The major energy firms insist that they have adopted ironclad safeguards against such perils, but the disaster in the Gulf has already made mockery of such claims, as does history. In 2006, for instance, a poorly-maintained pipeline at a BP facility ruptured, spewing 267,000 gallons of crude oil over Alaska’s North Slope in an area frequented by migrating caribou. (Because the spill occurred in winter, no caribou were present at the time and it was possible to scoop up the oil from surrounding snow banks; had it occurred in summer, the risk to the Caribou herds would have been substantial.)
If It’s Oil, It’s Okay
Despite obvious hazards and dangers, as well as inadequate safety practices, a succession of administrations, including Barack Obama’s, have backed corporate strategies strongly favoring the exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico and other environmentally sensitive areas.
On the government’s side, this outlook was first fully articulated in the National Energy Policy (NEP) adopted by President George W. Bush on May 17, 2001. Led by former Halliburton CEO Vice President Dick Cheney, the framers of the policy warned that the United States was becoming ever more dependent on imported energy, thereby endangering national security. They called for increased reliance on domestic energy sources, especially oil and natural gas. “A primary goal of the National Energy Policy is to add supply from diverse sources,” the document declared. “This means domestic oil, gas, and coal.”
As the NEP made clear, however, the United States was running out of conventional, easily tapped reservoirs of oil and natural gas located on land or in shallow coastal waters. “U.S. oil production is expected to decline over the next two decades, [while] demand for natural gas will most likely continue to outpace domestic production,” the document noted. The only solution, it claimed, would be to increase exploitation of unconventional energy reserves — oil and gas found in deep offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico, the Outer Continental Shelf, Alaska, and the American Arctic, as well as in complex geological formations such as shale oil and gas. “Producing oil and gas from geologically challenging areas while protecting the environment is important to Americans and to the future of our nation’s energy security,” the policy affirmed. (The phrase in italics was evidently added by the White House to counter charges — painfully accurate, as it turned out — that the administration was unmindful of the environmental consequences of its energy policies.)
First and foremost among the NEP’s recommendations was the development of the pristine Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, a proposal that generated intense media interest and produced widespread opposition from environmentalists. Equally significant, however, was its call for increased exploration and drilling in the deep waters of the Gulf, as well as the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas off northern Alaska.
While drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge was, in the end, blocked by Congress, an oil rush to exploit the other areas proceeded with little governmental opposition. In fact, as has now become evident, the government’s deeply corrupted regulatory arm, the Minerals Management Service (MMS), has for years facilitated the awarding of leases for exploration and drilling in the Gulf of Mexico while systematically ignoring environmental regulations and concerns. Common practice during the Bush years, this was not altered when Barack Obama took over the presidency. Indeed, he gave his own stamp of approval to a potentially massive increase in offshore drilling when on March 30th — three weeks before the Deepwater Horizon disaster — he announced that vast areas of the Atlantic, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and Alaskan waters would be opened to oil and gas drilling for the first time.
In addition to accelerating the development of the Gulf of Mexico, while overruling government scientists and other officials who warned of the dangers, the MMS also approved offshore drilling in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. This happened despite strong opposition from environmentalists and native peoples who fear a risk to whales and other endangered species crucial to their way of life. In October, for example, the MMS gave Shell Oil preliminary approval to conduct exploratory drilling on two offshore blocks in the Beaufort Sea. Opponents of the plan have warned that any oil spills produced by such activities would pose a severe threat to endangered animals, but these concerns were, as usual, ignored. (On April 30th, 10 days after the Gulf explosion, final approval of the plan was suddenly ordered withheld by President Obama, pending a review of offshore drilling activities.)
A BP Hall of Shame
The major energy firms have their own compelling reasons for a growing involvement in the exploitation of extreme energy options. Each year, to prevent the value of their shares from falling, these companies must replace the oil extracted from their existing reservoirs with new reserves. Most of the oil and gas basins in their traditional areas of supply have, however, been depleted, while many promising fields in the Middle East, Latin America, and the former Soviet Union are now under the exclusive control of state-owned national oil companies like Saudi Aramco, Mexico’s Pemex, and Venezuela’s PdVSA.
This leaves the private firms, widely known as international oil companies (IOCs), with ever fewer areas in which to replenish their supplies. They are now deeply involved in an ongoing oil rush in sub-Saharan Africa, where most countries still allow some participation by IOCs, but there they face dauntingly stiff competition from Chinese companies and other state-backed companies. The only areas where they still have a virtually free hand are the Arctic, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Atlantic, and the North Sea. Not surprisingly, this is where they are concentrating their efforts, whatever the dangers to us or to the planet.
A History to Consider
Take BP. Originally known as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, still later British Petroleum), BP got its start in southwestern Iran, where it once enjoyed a monopoly on the production of crude petroleum. In 1951, its Iranian holdings were nationalized by the democratic government of Mohammed Mossadeq. The company returned to Iran in 1953, following a U.S.-backed coup that put the Shah in power, and was finally expelled again in 1979 following the Islamic Revolution. The company still retains a significant foothold in oil-rich but unstable Nigeria, a former British colony, and in Azerbaijan. However, since its takeover of Amoco (once the Standard Oil Company of Indiana) in 1998, BP has concentrated its energies on the exploitation of Alaskan reserves and tough-oil locations in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico and off the African coast.
“Operating at the Energy Frontiers” is the title of BP’s Annual Review for 2009, which proudly began: “BP operates at the frontiers of the energy industry. From deep beneath the ocean to complex refining environments, from remote tropical islands to next-generation biofuels — a revitalized BP is driving greater efficiency, sustained momentum and business growth.”
Within this mandate, moreover, the Gulf of Mexico held center stage. “BP is the leading operator in the Gulf of Mexico,” the review asserted. “We are the biggest producer, the leading resource holder and have the largest exploration acreage position… With new discoveries, successful start-ups, efficient operations, and a strong portfolio of new projects, we are exceptionally well placed to sustain our success in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico over the long run.”
Clearly, BP’s top executives believed that a rapid ramp-up in production in the Gulf was essential to the company’s long-term financial health (and indeed, only days after the Deepwater Horizon explosion, the company announced that it had made $6.1 billion in profits in the first quarter of 2010 alone). To what degree BP’s corporate culture contributed to the Deepwater Horizon accident has yet to be determined. There is, however, some indication that the company was in an unseemly rush to complete the cementing of the Mississippi Canyon 252 well — a procedure that would cap it until the company was ready to undertake commercial extraction of the oil stored below. It could then have moved the rig, rented from Transocean Ltd. at $500,000 per day, to another prospective drill site in search of yet more oil.
While BP may prove to be the principal villain in this case, other large energy firms — egged on by the government and state officials — are engaged in similar reckless drives to extract oil and natural gas from extreme environmental locations. These companies and their government backers insist that, with proper precautions, it is safe to operate in these conditions, but the Deepwater Horizon incident shows that the more extreme the environment, the more unlikely such statements will prove accurate.
The Deepwater Horizon explosion, we assuredly will be told, was an unfortunate fluke: a confluence of improper management and faulty equipment. With tightened oversight, it will be said, such accidents can be averted — and so it will be safe to go back into the deep waters again and drill for oil a mile or more beneath the ocean’s surface.
Don’t believe it. While poor oversight and faulty equipment may have played a critical role in BP’s catastrophe in the Gulf, the ultimate source of the disaster is big oil’s compulsive drive to compensate for the decline in its conventional oil reserves by seeking supplies in inherently hazardous areas — risks be damned.
So long as this compulsion prevails, more such disasters will follow. Bet on it.
(The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.)
Special thanks to Richard Charter